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Mike s High-Tech Educational Supply Store and Post Office, or MHTechEd for short, has a small network of PCs running Windows, a situation typical of many small businesses today Windows runs just fine on a PC unconnected to a network, but it also comes with all the network software it needs to connect to a network All the computers in the MHTechEd network are connected by special network cabling NOTE This section is a conceptual overview of the hardware and software functions of a network Your network may have different hardware or software, but it will share the same functions As in most offices, virtually everyone at MHTechEd has his or her own PC Figure 2-4 shows two workers, Janelle and Tiffany, who handle all the administrative functions at MHTechEd Because of the kinds of work they do, these two often need to exchange data between their two PCs At the moment, Janelle has just completed a new employee handbook in Microsoft Word, and she wants Tiffany to check it for accuracy Janelle could transfer a copy of the file to Tiffany s computer by the tried-and-true sneakernet method, saving the file on a thumb drive and walking it over to her, but thanks to the wonders of computer networking, she doesn t even have to turn around in her chair Let s watch in detail each piece of the process that gives Tiffany direct access to Janelle s computer, so she can copy the Word document from Janelle s system to her own

(remember that 1 /i = i) Using these results we can write the derivatives / z and / z in terms of the derivatives / x and / y In the rst case we have x y 1 i = + = z z x z y 2 x 2 y Similarly x y 1 i = + + = z z x z y 2 x 2 y (320) (319)

There are a plethora of applications available to help manage and configure your Cisco/Windows network We covered some of the most powerful and widely used management applications in this chapter At the heart of most arrangements is a network management system such as HP OpenView or CiscoWorks2000 They use the SNMP protocol to communicate with network devices, learning everything about the devices' configuration and usage statistics The data is often centrally stored, simplified, and displayed in an easy-to-grasp topological map From here, the network administrator has the option to drill down into any device and see details about the device A fair number of ancillary applications are contained within the CiscoWorks product suite Some help manage switched networks, ATM networks, or particular Cisco devices This flexibility allows the administrator the ability to customize the management suite to fit the needs of their network, because no two networks are exactly the same In the next chapter we will turn our attention to managing Windows systems, exploring some new tools that are available for today's network administrators

The CompTIA Network+ certification exam expects you to know how to 11 Explain the function of common networking protocols (such as DNS) 32 Identify the functions of specialized network devices (such as a DNS server) 47 Given a scenario, troubleshoot common connectivity issues and select an appropriate solution 51 Given a scenario, select the appropriate command line interface tool and interpret the output to verify functionality To achieve these goals, you must be able to Describe the function and capabilities of DNS Configure and troubleshoot WINS Use common TCP/IP utilities to diagnose problems with DNS and WINS

Tag switching is lightning fast and largely independent of network protocols Tag routers can be implemented totally in software, avoiding the hassle and expense of a hardware upgrade Therefore, an ATM switch in an Internet backbone topology can participate in tag switching by swapping a tag label for the virtual circuit identifier (VCI) in a cell This results in an ATM switch that supports both conventional ATM and tag switching Tag switching enables QoS within a network by differentiating traffic by class Packets carrying an inelastic application such as VoIP can be assigned tags in one range, packets that are part of an elastic application such as FTP are in another range, and so on When congestion occurs, the network can be configured to drop elastic packets or cells first, and depend on TCP to handle error recovery on a best-effort basis

Now we can use these results to write the derivatives df /dz and df /d z in terms of derivatives with respect to the real variables x and y: 1 f 1 = i f = i ( u + iv ) 2 x y y z 2 x = 1 u v i v u + + 2 x y 2 x y (321)